Structural engineering |
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Modern green roofs are a relatively new phenomenon. However, green/sod roofs have been around for centuries. The modern trend started when green roofs were ‘reintroduced’ to modern buildings in Germany in the 1960s, and have since spread to other countries. Today, it is estimated that about 10% of all German roofs have been ‘greened’. Green roofs are also becoming increasingly popular in the United States.
Dick Walsh is an owner and lead analytical engineer at Ingenium Technologies. His wise words which you are about to hear come from his 30 plus years of technical leadership as well as his bachelors and masters degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois. Dick is also the holder of 7 patents applicable to aircraft power transmission and actuation systems. This video includes 2 parts in this page. Source: http://www.ingeniumtech.com |
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Concrete is the world’s most important construction material. However, an abundance of raw material such as rock, gravel, sand and water in the concrete reaches approximately 75-90% produced annually in North European countries (Concrete for the environment, 2003). Therefore, the quality of concrete does not reach a necessary compressive strength. It is a reason for new technologies which should be discovered. At the same time, the world is tackling global warning and resources problem. |
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The word shell is an old one and is commonly used to describe the hard covering of eggs, crustacea, tortoises, etc. The dictionary says that the word shell is derived fromthe Latin scalus, as in fish scale. But to us now there is a clear difference between the tough but flexible scaly covering of a fish and the tough but rigid shell of, say, a turtle. In this course we shall be concerned with man-made shell structures as used in various branches of engineering. |
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A truss rafter roof system, properly designed fabricated, erected and braced is a strong and economical way to frame a farm building roof. However, if the design assumptions are ignored during erection and bracing, the structure may collapse. Individual trusses may fail if damaged during transport or erection. The following points outline procedures and precautions recommended to ensure safe tress erection: |
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The prediction of the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is very important especially when this value is used in the practical design. An unconservative value of the shear capacity may lead to an unexpected and at early stage brittle failure of the structural RC beam so, a great deal of research efforts have been put recently on the proper explanation, modeling and simulation of the shear crack phenomena [1], [5]. |
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Also known as Natural Lime Mortars, mortars of this type are made with sand and use lime as a binder. They should not be confused with sand, lime and Portland cement mortars, regardless of the relative proportions of the lime and Portland cement. There are two basic types of lime for traditional lime mortars - those that set and harden by the reaction with air and those that do so by reaction with water (non-hydraulic and hydraulic limes respectively). Of the latter type there are sub-varieties. Non-hydraulic limes |
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In storage racks, hook-in end connectors are used to make beam to column connections. The semi-rigid nature of this connection is primarily due to distortion of the column walls, tearing of the column perforation, and distortion of the beam end connector. The storage rack stability depends significantly on the behavior of this connection, and therefore, it is important to have a proper way of predicting it. Designs of these connections vary widely, making it impossible to develop a general analytic model. |
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The introduction of European standards to UK construction is a significant event. The ten design standards, known as the Eurocodes, will affect all design and construction activities as current British Standards for design are due to be withdrawn in 2010. This publication is part of the series of guides entitled How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2. |
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Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of railway prestressed concrete sleeper has been developed in this study. The general purpose finite element package, ANSYS 10, is employed for the numerical analyses. Using SOLID65 solid element, the compressive crushing of concrete is facilitated using plasticity algorithm while the concrete cracking in tension zone is accommodated by the nonlinear material model. Since the section of concrete sleeper is fully prestressed by nature, the smeared crack analogy is impracticable. |
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